COMMON SAYINGS TRADITION 
IN GOSPEL OF THOMAS AND Q GOSPEL

© John Dominic Crossan
Used by permission

Preliminary Note

	I count as Q Gospel only units with secure attestation in both Matthew and Luke. I also watch carefully the consensus reconstruction of the Q Gospel proposed by the International Q Project (IQP). That requires three changes which brings my earlier inventory of 102 units (1991: Appendix 1B) down to 101 units here: 102-2+1=101.
	 First, there are certain units in either Matthew alone or Luke alone which may well have been accepted from the Q Gospel by one but omitted by the other author. I did not count such units in my original inventory. Second, there are other units which appear in both Matthew and Luke but in divergent contexts and, since they are also present in Mark, may possibly be from it rather than from the Q Gospel. I counted one such unit, First and Last, in my original inventory (1991: Appendix 1B: #31) but omit it here (IQP 1993:506).Third, there is one unit in Matthew whose parallel in Luke is textually uncertain. I counted that unit, Knowing the Times, in my original inventory (1991: Appendix 1B: #53) but omit it here (IPQ: 1995:481). Fourth, there is one unit, Strong One’s House, that I did not count as part of the Q Gospel in my original inventory (1991 Appendix 1B: #81) but do so here (IQP 1993:504).

A. INVENTORY of Common SAYINGS TRADITION 
in Gospel of Thomas and Q Gospel

(1) 28% (37 out of 132 units) of the Gospel of Thomas is has parallels in the Q Gospel.
(2) 37% (37 of 101 units) of the Q Gospel has parallels in the Gospel of Thomas
 (3) 59% (22 out of 37 units) of the Common Sayings Tradition has parallels in Q1
(4) 41% (15 out of 37 units) of the Common Sayings Tradition has parallels in Q2

(Primary bold and parenthetical numbers are for this appendix. Secondary bold and non-parenthetical numbers cross-reference to Crossan, 1991: Appendix 1B. Units are given in the order of the Gospel of Thomas)

	(1) 	4. Ask, Seek, Knock:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 2 = P. Oxy. 654.5-9; (1b) Gos. Thom. 92:1; (1c) Gos. Thom. 94; (2) Gos. Heb. 4ab; (3) Q1: Luke 11:9-10 = Matt 7:7-8; (4) Mark 11:24 = Matt 21:22; (5a) Dial. Sav.  9-12; (5b) Dial. Sav.  20d; (5c) Dial. Sav.  79-80; (6a) John 14:13-14; (6b) John 15:7; (6c) John 15:16; (6d) John 16:23-24; (6e) John 16:26; 
	(2) 	8. When and Where:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 3:1-3 = P. Oxy. 654.3:1-3; (1b) Gos. Thom. 51; (1c) Gos. Thom. 113; (2) Q2: Luke 17:23 = Matt 24:26; (3) Mark 13:21-23 = Matt 24:23-25; (4?) Dial. Sav. 16; (5) Luke 17:20-21; 
	(3) 	32. Hidden Made Manifest:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 5:2 = P. Oxy. 654.29-30; (1b) Gos. Thom. 6:5-6 = P. Oxy. 654.38-40; (2) Q1: Luke 12:2 = Matt 10:26; (3) Mark 4:22 = Luke 8:17; 	
	(4) 	33. The Golden Rule:  (1) Gos. Thom. 6:3 = P. Oxy. 654.36-37; (2) Q1: Luke 6:31 = Matt 7:12; (3) Did. 1:2b; 
	(5) 	1. Mission and Message: (1a) 1 Cor 9:14; (1b) 1 Cor 10:27; (2) Gos. Thom. 14:4; (3) Q1: Luke 10:4-11 = Matt 10:7,10b,12-14; (4) Mark 6:7-13 = Matt 10:1,8-10a,11 = Luke 9:1-6; (5) Dial. Sav. 53b[139:9-10]; (6) Did. 11:(3)4-12; (7) 1 Tim 5:18b; 
	(6) 	74. Peace or Sword:  (1) Gos. Thom. 16; (2) Q2: Luke 12:51-53 = Matt 10:34-36; 	
	(7) 	14. Eye, Ear, Mind:  (1a) 1 Cor 2:9a; (1b) 1 Clem. 34:8; (2) Gos. Thom. 17; (3) Q2: Luke 10:23-24 = Matt 13:16-17; (4) Dial. Sav. 57a; 
	(8) 	35. The Mustard Seed:  (1) Gos. Thom. 20; (2) Q1: Luke 13:18-19 = Matt 13:31-32; (3) Mark 4:30-32 = Matt 13:31-32; 
	(9) 	12. Knowing the Danger:  (1a) 1 Thess 5:2; (1b) 2 Pet 3:10; (2a) Gos. Thom. 21:5-7; (2b) Gos. Thom. 103; (3) Q2: Luke 12:39-40 = Matt 24:43-44; (4a) Rev 3:3b; (4b) Rev 16:15a; 
	(10) 	76. Speck and Log:  (1) Gos. Thom. 26 = P. Oxy. 1.1-4; (2) Q1: Luke 6:41-42  = Matt 7:3-5; 
	(11) 	79. Open Proclamation:  (1) Gos. Thom. 33:1 = P. Oxy. 1.41-42; (2) Q1: Luke 12:3 = Matt 10:27; 	
	(12) 	36. Lamp and Bushel:  (1) Gos. Thom. 33:2-3; (2) Q2: Luke 11:33 = Matt 5:15; (3) Mark 4:21 = Luke 8:16; 
	(13) 	80. The Blind Guide:  (1) Gos. Thom. 34; (2) Q1: Luke 6:39 = Matt 15:14b; 
	(14) 81. Strong One's House:  (1) Gos. Thom. 35; (2) Q2: Luke 11:21-22 (= Matt 12:29); (3) Mark 3:27 = Matt 12:29 (= Luke 11:21-22);
	(15) 	82. Against Anxieties:  (1) Gos. Thom. 36 = P. Oxy. 655, col.i.1-17; (2) Q1: Luke 12:22-31 = Matt 6:25-33; 
	(16) 	84. On Hindering Others:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 39:1-2 = P. Oxy. 655, col.ii.11-19; (1b) Gos. Thom. 102; (2) Q2: Luke 11:52 = Matt 23:13; 
	(17) 	40. Have and Receive:  (1) Gos. Thom. 41; (2) Q2: Luke 19:26 = Matt 25:29; (3) Mark 4:25 = Matt 13:12 = Luke 8:18b; 
	(18) 	23. All Sins Forgiven:  (1) Gos. Thom. 44; (2) Q2: Luke 12:10 = Matt 12:32; (3) Mark 3:28-30 = Matt 12:31; (4) Did. 11:7; 
	(19) 	41. Trees and Hearts:  (1) Gos. Thom. 45; (2a) Q1: Luke 6:43-45 = Matt 7:16-20; (2b) Matt 12:33-35; (3) Ign. Eph  14:2b; 
	(20) 	85. Greater than John:  (1) Gos. Thom. 46; (2) Q2: Luke 7:28 = Matt 11:11; 	(21) 	86. Serving Two Masters:  (1) Gos. Thom. 47:1-2; (2a) Q1: Luke 16:13 = Matt 6:24; (2b) 2 Clem. 6:1; 
	(22) 	43. Blessed the Poor:   (1) Gos. Thom. 54; (2a) Q1: Luke 6:20 = Matt 5:3; (2b) Pol. Phil. 2:3e; (3) Jas 2:5; 
	(23) 	89. Hating One's Family:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 55:1-2a; (1b) Gos. Thom. 101; (2) Q1: Luke 14:25-26 = Matt 10:37; 
	(24) 	44. Carrying One's Cross:  (1) Gos. Thom. 55:2b; (2) Q1: Luke 14:27 = Matt 10:38; (3) Mark 8:34 = Matt 16:24 = Luke 9:23;
	(25) 	91. Taken or Left:  (1) Gos. Thom. 61:1; (2) Q2: Luke 17:34-35 = Matt 24:40-41;
	 (26) 	45. Father and Son:  (1) Gos. Thom. 61:3; (2) Q2: Luke 10:22 = Matt 11:27; (3a) John 3:35b; (3b) John 13:3a; 
	(27) 	95. The Feast:  (1) Gos. Thom. 64; (2) Q2: Luke 14:15-24 = Matt 22:1-13; 
	(28) 	48. Blessed the Persecuted:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 68; (1b) Gos. Thom. 69:1; (2a) Q1: Luke 6:22-23 = Matt 5:11-12 [except for Q2: 6:22b=5:11b & 6:23c=5:12c]; (2b) Matt 5:10; (2c) Pol. Phil.  2:3f; (3a) 1 Pet 3:14a; (3b) 1 Pet 4:14; 
	(29) 	96. Blessed the Hungry:  (1) Gos. Thom. 69:2; (2) Q1: Luke 6:21a = Matt 5:6; 	(30) 	50. Harvest Is Great:  (1) Gos. Thom. 73; (2) Q1: Luke 10:2 = Matt 9:37-38; (3) John 4:35; 
	(31) 	99. Treasure in Heaven:  (1) Gos. Thom. 76:3; (2) Q1: Luke 12:33 = Matt 6:19-20; 
	(32) 	51. Into the Desert:  (1) Gos. Thom. 78; (2) Q2: Luke 7:24-27 = Matt 11:7-10; (3) Mark 1:2-3 = Matt 3:3 = Luke 3:4-6 =(?) John 1:19-23;  
	(33) 	101. Foxes Have Holes:  (1) Gos. Thom. 86; (2) Q1: Luke 9:57-58 = Matt 8:19-20; 	
	(34) 	102. Inside and Outside:  (1) Gos. Thom. 89; (2) Q2: Luke 11:39-40 = Matt 23:25-26;
	(35) 	103. Give without Return:  (1) Gos. Thom. 95; (2) Q1: Luke 6:30,34,35b = Matt 5:42; (3) Did. 1:4c,5a; 
	(36) 	104. The Leaven:  (1) Gos. Thom. 96:1-2; (2) Q1: Luke 13:20-21 = Matt 13:33; 
	(37) 	107. The Lost Sheep:  (1) Gos. Thom. 107; (2) Q1: Luke 15:3-7 = Matt 18:12-14.

B. Redaction of Common SAYINGS TRADITION 
in Gospel of Thomas and Q Gospel
(Primary bold & parenthetical numbers cross-reference to Appendix 3A above. Secondary bold & non-parenthetical numbers cross-reference to Crossan, 1991: Appendix 1B. Units are given in the order studied in the text) 

Redaction is towards apocalyptic eschatology in the Gospel of Thomas  but towards ascetic eschatology in the Q Gospel. That gives the following four types:
 Type 1: 24% (9 out of 37 units) is redacted in the Gospel of Thomas but not in the Q Gospel
Type 2: 8% (3 out of 37 units) is redacted in the Q Gospel  but not in the Gospel of Thomas
Type 3: 19% (7 out of 37 units) is redacted in both the Gospel of Thomas  and in the Q Gospel
Type 4: 49% (18 out of 37 units) is redacted in neither the Gospel of Thomas nor the Q Gospel

Type 1
Common Sayings Tradition Redacted in the Gospel of Thomas but not in the Q Gospel 

	(1) 	4. Ask, Seek, Knock:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 2 = P. Oxy. 654.5-9; (1b) Gos. Thom. 92:1; (1c) Gos. Thom. 94; (2) Gos. Heb. 4ab; (3) Q1: Luke 11:9-10 = Matt 7:7-8; (4) Mark 11:24 = Matt 21:22; (5a) Dial. Sav.  9-12; (5b) Dial. Sav.  20d; (5c) Dial. Sav.  79-80; (6a) John 14:13-14; (6b) John 15:7; (6c) John 15:16; (6d) John 16:23-24; (6e) John 16:26; 
	(3) 	32. Hidden Made Manifest:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 5:2 = P. Oxy. 654.29-30; (1b) Gos. Thom. 6:5-6 = P. Oxy. 654.38-40; (2) Q1: Luke 12:2 = Matt 10:26; (3) Mark 4:22 = Luke 8:17;
	(6) 	74. Peace or Sword:  (1) Gos. Thom. 16; (2) Q2: Luke 12:51-53 = Matt 10:34-36;
	(7) 	14. Eye, Ear, Mind:  (1) Gos. Thom. 17; (2) Q2: Luke 10:23-24 = Matt 13:16-17;
	(15) 	82. Against Anxieties:  (1) Gos. Thom. 36 = P. Oxy. 655, col.i.1-17; (2) Q1: Luke 12:22-31 = Matt 6:25-33;
	(23) 	89. Hating One's Family:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 55:1-2a; (1b) Gos. Thom. 101; (2) Q1: Luke 14:25-26 = Matt 10:37; 
	(27) 	95. The Feast:  (1) Gos. Thom. 64; (2) Q2: Luke 14:15-24 = Matt 22:1-13;
	(30) 	50. Harvest Is Great:  (1) Gos. Thom. 73; (2) Q1: Luke 10:2 = Matt 9:37-38; (3) John 4:35;
	(33) 	101. Foxes Have Holes:  (1) Gos. Thom. 86; (2) Q1: Luke 9:57-58 = Matt 8:19-20;

 TYPE 2
Common Sayings Tradition Redacted in the Q Gospel but not in the Gospel of Thomas 

	(12) 	36. Lamp and Bushel:  (1) Gos. Thom. 33:2-3; (2) Q2: Luke 11:33 = Matt 5:15; (3) Mark 4:21 = Luke 8:16;	
	(17) 	40. Have and Receive:  (1) Gos. Thom. 41; (2) Q2: Luke 19:26 = Matt 25:29; (3) Mark 4:25 = Matt 13:12 = Luke 8:18b;
	(34) 	102. Inside and Outside:  (1) Gos. Thom. 89; (2) Q2: Luke 11:39-40 = Matt 23:25-26.

TYPE 3
Common Sayings Tradition Redacted in both the Gospel of Thomas and the Q Gospel 

	(2) 	8. When and Where:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 3:1-3 = P. Oxy. 654.9-16; (1b) Gos. Thom. 51; (1c) Gos. Thom. 113; (2) Q2: Luke 17:23 = Matt 24:26; (3) Mark 13:21-23 = Matt 24:23-25; (4?) Dial. Sav. 16; (5) Luke 17:20-21. 
	(9) 	12. Knowing the Danger:  (1a) 1 Thess 5:2; (1b) 2 Pet 3:10; (2a) Gos. Thom. 21:5-7; (2b) Gos. Thom. 103; (3) Q2: Luke 12:39-40 = Matt 24:43-44; (4a) Rev 3:3b; (4b) Rev 16:15a;
	(20) 	85. Greater than John:  (1) Gos. Thom. 46; (2) Q2: Luke 7:28 = Matt 11:11;
	(25) 	91. Taken or Left:  (1) Gos. Thom. 61:1; (2) Q2: Luke 17:34-35 = Matt 24:40-41;
	(26) 	45. Father and Son:  (1) Gos. Thom. 61:3; (2) Q2: Luke 10:22 = Matt 11:27; (3a) John 3:35b; (3b) John 13:3a;
	(28) 	48. Blessed the Persecuted:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 68; (1b) Gos. Thom. 69:1; (2a) Q1: Luke 6:22-23 = Matt 5:11-12 [except for Q2: 6:22b=5:11b & 6:23c=5:12c]; (2b) Matt 5:10; (2c) Pol. Phil.  2:3f; (3a) 1 Pet 3:14a; (3b) 1 Pet 4:14;
	(32) 	51. Into the Desert:  (1) Gos. Thom. 78; (2) Q2: Luke 7:24-27 = Matt 11:7-10; (3) Mark 1:2-3 = Matt 3:3 = Luke 3:4-6 =(?) John 1:19-23;

TYPE 4
Common Sayings Tradition Redacted in neither the Gospel of Thomas nor the Q Gospel 

	(4) 	33. The Golden Rule:  (1) Gos. Thom. 6:3 = P. Oxy. 654.36-37; (2) Q1: Luke 6:31 = Matt 7:12;
	(5) 	1. Mission and Message: (1a) 1 Cor 9:14; (1b) 1 Cor 10:27; (2) Gos. Thom. 14:4; (3) Q1: Luke 10:(1),4-11 = Matt 10:7,10b,12-14; (4) Mark 6:7-13 = Matt 10:1,8-10a,11 = Luke 9:1-6; (5) Dial. Sav. 53b[139:9-10]; (6) Did. 11:(3)4-12; (7) 1 Tim 5:18b;
	(8) 	35. The Mustard Seed:  (1) Gos. Thom. 20; (2) Q1: Luke 13:18-19 = Matt 13:31-32; (3) Mark 4:30-32 = Matt 13:31-32;
	(10) 	76. Speck and Log:  (1) Gos. Thom. 26 = P. Oxy. 1.1-4; (2) Q1: Luke 6:41-42  = Matt 7:3-5;
	(11) 	79. Open Proclamation:  (1) Gos. Thom. 33:1 = P. Oxy. 1.41-42; (2) Q1: Luke 12:3 = Matt 10:27;
	(13) 	80. The Blind Guide:  (1) Gos. Thom. 34; (2) Q1: Luke 6:39 = Matt 15:14b;
	(14) 	81. Strong One's House:  (1) Gos. Thom. 35; (2) Q2: Luke 11:21-22 (= Matt 12:29); (3) Mark 3:27 = Matt 12:29 (= Luke 11:21-22);
	(16) 	84. On Hindering Others:  (1a) Gos. Thom. 39:1-2 = P. Oxy. 655, col.ii.11-19; (1b) Gos. Thom. 102; (2) Q2: Luke 11:52 = Matt 23:13;
	(18) 	23. All Sins Forgiven:  (1) Gos. Thom. 44; (2) Q2: Luke 12:10 = Matt 12:32; (3) Mark 3:28-30 = Matt 12:31; (4) Did. 11:7;
	(19) 	41. Trees and Hearts:  (1) Gos. Thom. 45; (2a) Q1: Luke 6:43-45 = Matt 7:16-20; (2b) Matt 12:33-35; (3) Ign. Eph  14:2b;
	(21) 	86. Serving Two Masters:  (1) Gos. Thom. 47:1-2; (2a) Q1: Luke 16:13 = Matt 6:24; (2b) 2 Clem. 6:1;
	(22) 	43. Blessed the Poor:   (1) Gos. Thom. 54; (2a) Q1: Luke 6:20 = Matt 5:3; (2b) Pol. Phil. 2:3e; (3) Jas 2:5; 
	(24) 	44. Carrying One's Cross:  (1) Gos. Thom. 55:2b; (2) Q1: Luke 14:27 = Matt 10:38; (3) Mark 8:34 = Matt 16:24 = Luke 9:23;
	(29) 	96. Blessed the Hungry:  (1) Gos. Thom. 69:2; (2) Q1: Luke 6:21a = Matt 5:6;
	(31) 	99. Treasure in Heaven:  (1) Gos. Thom. 76:3; (2) Q1: Luke 12:33 = Matt 6:19-20; 
	(35) 	103. Give without Return:  (1) Gos. Thom. 95; (2a) Q1: Luke 6:30,34,35b = Matt 5:42; (2b) Did. 1:4b,5a;
	(36) 	104. The Leaven:  (1) Gos. Thom. 96:1-2; (2) Q1: Luke 13:20-21 = Matt 13:33;
	(37) 	107. The Lost Sheep:  (1) Gos. Thom. 107; (2) Q1: Luke 15:3-7 = Matt 18:12-14.